Sources of short-wavelength radiation, such as synchrotrons or free-electron lasers, have already enabled numerous applications and will facilitate more seminal studies. On the other hand, sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet to soft x-ray radiation via high-harmonic generation (HHG) of ultrashort-pulse lasers have gained significant attention in the last years due to their enormous potential to address a plethora of applications in a cost-effective and tabletop format. Therefore, they constitute a complementary source to large-scale facilities. The photon-flux values obtained by fiber-laser-driven HHG sources can be considered the highest of all laser systems for photon energies between 20 eV – 150 eV. Even higher photon energies up to the soft X-ray regime are feasible using Tm-based driving lasers.
AFS ultrafast fiber lasers are ideal high-harmonic drivers. These turnkey HHG beamlines can address several applications in the EUV to X-ray spectral region.
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Parameter | Accessible parameter ranges | Possible Addons |
Photon energy | 12eV ... >150eV | Monochromatization: Pick the harmonic you want. Can be adjustable to pick multiple different lines. |
Wavelength | 100nm ... <8.5nm | |
Photon flux per harmonic | up to 1015 photons/s/harmonic (depending on harmonic) | Dual-color driver: Generate harmonics with multiple driving laser wavelengths (e.g. 1030nm & 515nm) at the same time or switch between both drivers during an experiment on the same optical path |
Average power per harmonic | up to 10mW (depending on harmonic) | |
Repetition rate | flexible, up to 10MHz | Focusing: Our radiation has an excellent beam quality and can be focussed as tightly as needed. Down to a few µm have been realized. |
Pulse duration | shorter than pulse duration of input laser pulse (down to few fs) | |
Spectral bandwidth | can remain close to transform limit with flexible bandwidths (down to <10meV) | Differential pumping: Target chambers often have strict requirements on the pressure. We can use the focusing section of the beamline to reduce the pressure down to <109mbar or less |
Beam profile | Gaussian | |
Dimension of HHG chamber | 80cm × 40cm × 40cm | Spectrometer: It is always helpful to know the exact XUV spectrum during your experiments. Therefore, we offer integrated spectrometer modules enabling online spectral measurement simultaneous to your experiements. |
Vacuum connections | typically KF-40, can be adapted to customer preferences | |
Additional features | turn-key reliability high stability, all parameters software-controlled |