Sources of short-wavelength radiation, such as synchrotrons or free-electron lasers, have already enabled numerous applications and will facilitate more seminal studies. On the other hand, sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet to soft x-ray radiation via high-harmonic generation (HHG) of ultrashort-pulse lasers have gained significant attention in the last years due to their enormous potential to address a plethora of applications in a cost-effective and tabletop format. Therefore, they constitute a complementary source to large-scale facilities. The photon-flux values obtained by fiber-laser-driven HHG sources can be considered the highest of all laser systems for photon energies between 20 eV – 150 eV. Even higher photon energies up to the soft X-ray regime are feasible using Tm-based driving lasers.
AFS ultrafast fiber lasers are ideal high-harmonic drivers. These turnkey HHG beamlines can address several applications in the EUV to X-ray spectral region.
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| Examplary configurations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Photon energy | 21 eV | 90 eV | 150 eV |
| Wavelength | 59 nm | 13 nm | 8.5 nm |
| Photon flux per harmonic | up to 1014 s-1 | up to 5 × 1010 s-1 | up to 1010 s-1 |
| Average power per harmonic | up to 330 µW | up to 0.7 µW | up to 0.4 µW |
| Repetition rate | flexible, up to 10 MHz | ||
| Pulse duration | pulse duration < laser pulse duration i.e. < 30 fs (or shorter) | ||
| Spectral bandwidth | can remain close to the transform limit with flexible bandwidths (down to < 10 meV) | ||
| Beam profile | Gaussian | ||
| Dimensions of HHG chamber | 80 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm | ||
| Vacuum connections | typically KF-40, can be adapted to customer preferences | ||
| Additional features | Turnkey reliability, high stability, all parameters software-controlled | ||
| Add-ons | Single-harmonic selection, separation of XUV radiation and driving radiation | ||
